Hung Kings National Ancestors Commemoration Prayer (10th of 3rd Lunar Month) & A4 Scroll

Q: When does the Hung Kings National Commemoration Day (10th of the 3rd Lunar Month) fall in the 2027 solar calendar?

In the Dinh Mui Year 2027, the Tenth Day of the Third Lunar Month (Gio To Hung Vuong) falls on Friday, April 16, 2027 (At Suu Day, Quy Mao Month). The best Auspicious Hours to offer incense are Mao (05:00 to 07:00), Ti (09:00 to 11:00), and Than (15:00 to 17:00) . Earlier in the same week, the Commemoration of National Father Lac Long Quan (6th of the 3rd Month) falls on Monday, April 12, 2027, and the Homage to National Mother Au Co (7th of the 3rd Month) falls on Tuesday, April 13, 2027.

Q: Can a family perform the Hung Kings Commemoration ceremony on our home ancestral altar?

Yes, wholeheartedly encouraged. Preparing a pair of square Banh Chung cakes, round Banh Giay cakes, fresh fruit, and flowers on your household ancestral altar on the morning of the Tenth of the Third Month and reciting Variant 2 (Household Veneration Scroll) is a cherished Vietnamese tradition that connects family filial piety with gratitude toward the nation's founders.

Q: What are the essential traditional offerings for the Hung Kings Commemoration Day?

The signature offerings are: (1) Square green Banh Chung cakes (symbolizing Earth) and Round white Banh Giay cakes (symbolizing Heaven); (2) Crimson gac sticky rice ; (3) A five-fruit platter (Mam Ngu Qua) ; and (4) Fragrant herbal incense, a pair of candles, fresh lotus or chrysanthemum flowers, betel-areca, green tea, and 5 cups of pure water . Families worshiping at home may also offer a noon vegetarian or savory meal.

Q: Did the Eighteen Dynasties of Hung Kings (Thap Bat The Hung Vuong) consist of only 18 individual monarchs?

Historians and archaeologists explain that Eighteen Lineages of Hung Kings (Thap Bat The Hung Vuong) refers not to 18 single rulers, but to 18 royal branches or dynastic epochs (such as Hung Duong Vuong, Hung Hien Vuong, Hung Chieu Vuong, Hung Due Vuong) that successively governed the state of Van Lang across nearly two millennia from the early Bronze Age Phung Nguyen culture to the height of the Dong Son civilization.

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Tradition-Specific Sub-page of Ancestor Veneration (52 ritual prayers in this tradition)

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3. Choose Prayer Variant, Enter Altar Mode or Print A4 Scroll

Recited when making a pilgrimage to the Lower, Middle, Upper, and Well Temples or the Shrines of Lac Long Quan and Au Co on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho Province), as well as at National Hung Kings Memorial Temples in Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho, Da Lat, Kien Giang, and across Vietnam.

HALL OF MYRIAD PATHS · TRADITIONAL RITUAL SCROLL

Hung Kings National Ancestors Commemoration Prayer (Tenth of the Third Lunar Month): Mount Nghia Linh Pilgrimage and Household Veneration Scrolls

1. Pilgrimage Scroll at the Hung Kings Temple Complex on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho) and National Hung Kings Shrines

Namo Amitabha Buddha! (Three recitations, accompanied by three reverent bows)

Humbly bowing before Imperial Heaven, Sovereign Earth, and all Venerable Deities. Humbly bowing before the Sacred Mountain Spirits of Mount Nghia Linh and the Local Tutelary Guardian Deities.

Humbly bowing before National Dragon Father Lac Long Quan and National Immortal Mother Au Co, Progenitors of the Lac Hong people.

Humbly bowing before Primordial Sovereign Kinh Duong Vuong and the Eighteen Dynastic Lineages of the Hung Kings (Thap Bat The Hung Vuong), Founders of the ancient State of Van Lang.

Humbly bowing before Royal Princesses Tien Dung and Ngoc Hoa enshrined at the Jade Well Temple, Prince Lang Lieu, all Royal Consorts, Princes, Civilian Mandarins (Lac Hau), Military Commanders (Lac Tuong), and the Ancient People (Lac Dan) who cleared the forests, tamed the rivers, cultivated wet-rice fields, and defended our homeland.

Today is ……………………, during the sacred Hung Kings National Commemoration season of the ………… Year.

………… ………………………………, descendants of the ………… lineage, residing at: ………….

Cherishing the immortal folk verse handed down through the ages, Wherever one travels upstream or downstream, remember the Ancestral Commemoration on the Tenth of the Third Month, today ………… return with a pure heart to this sacred ancestral sanctuary, presenting fragrant herbal incense, fresh blossoms, five-colored fruits, square glutinous rice cakes (Banh Chung) symbolizing Earth, and round rice cakes (Banh Giay) symbolizing Heaven.

Remembering with boundless gratitude the founding merit of the Hung Kings and our forebears: at the dawn of our civilization, our Ancestors taught the people to sow rice and tend mulberry trees, cast bronze drums, build dikes against floods, and stand united as compatriots born of one hundred eggs from a single maternal sac (Dong Bao).

May National Father Lac Long Quan, National Mother Au Co, and the Eighteen Lineages of Hung Kings mercifully witness our devotion, blessing Vietnam with enduring peace, favorable weather, national prosperity, and unbreakable solidarity.

May the sacred spirit of our National Ancestors shelter the entire ………… household ………… throughout the ………… Year with vigorous health, family harmony, filial children, scholarly wisdom, and steadfast success in all upright endeavors.

………… vow to live with integrity, compassion, and love for our fellow compatriots, contributing our strength to build a prosperous homeland. Before the ancestral sanctuary, ………… bow in deep reverence!

Namo Amitabha Buddha! (Three recitations, concluding with three prostrations or deep bows)

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

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At the Hung Kings Temple Complex on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho Province), pilgrims ascend along the sacred mountain axis: passing through the Ceremonial Gate to the Lower Temple (Den Ha, where Mother Au Co gave birth to the sac of one hundred eggs), the Middle Temple (Den Trung, where the Hung Kings held council and selected Prince Lang Lieu), the summit Upper Temple (Den Thuong / Kinh Thien Linh Dien, where the Kings worshiped Heaven, Earth, and the Rice Spirit), the Hung King Mausoleum, and descending to the Jade Well Temple (Den Gieng). When worshiping at home, arrange Banh Chung and Banh Giay at the center of the ancestral altar following the East-Vase West-Fruit canon.

Rear Center: Ancestral Tablet (or Sanctuary Oriented Toward Mount Nghia Linh)The focal point uniting reverence for National Father Lac Long Quan, National Mother Au Co, the 18 Hung Dynasties, and the family's Nine Generations of Forebears.

Pair of Bronze Candlesticks or Altar Lamps (Sun and Moon Polarity)Placed symmetrically at the rear left and right of the altar, lit prior to offering incense.

Central Incense Bowl (Lighting 3 or 5 Fragrant Herbal Sticks)Positioned squarely at the center; odd Yang numbers express wholehearted devotion.

Fresh Pink Lotus, Yellow Chrysanthemum or Gladiolus Vase (East Vase, Officiant Right)Set on the right side as the petitioner faces the altar in accordance with the classical East-Vase rule.

Five-Fruit Platter & Phoenix-Wing Betel-Areca Plate (West Fruit, Officiant Left)Set on the left side as the petitioner faces the altar, displaying regional fruits of the homeland.

Row of 5 Cups of Pure Water & Warm Green Tea (Remembering the Source)Aligned neatly in front of the central censer as an emblem of purity and gratitude.

Square Banh Chung Cakes, Round White Banh Giay Cakes & Crimson Sticky RiceDisplayed prominently on the central offering table, honoring Prince Lang Lieu's tribute to Heaven and Earth.

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Open-license documentary photographs via Wikimedia Commons (click any photo for source file)

Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio. Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit. — **Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio.** Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites. Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers. — **Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites.** Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

Whether ascending Mount Nghia Linh in Phu Tho, visiting a regional Hung Kings Memorial Temple, or bowing before the household ancestral altar on the Tenth of the Third Lunar Month, observe these seven dignified steps.

Step 1
Cleanse the altar respectfully and prepare Banh Chung and Banh Giay in advance
Wipe the household ancestral altar with clean warm water on the eve of the holiday and prepare a pair of square green Banh Chung cakes, round white Banh Giay cakes, fresh fruit, and flowers.
Step 2
Arrange offerings by the East-Vase West-Fruit rule with Banh Chung & Banh Giay at center
On the morning of the Tenth of the Third Lunar Month (ideally between 06:30 and 10:30), place the flower vase on the right, the five-fruit tray on the left, and the Banh Chung, Banh Giay, and crimson sticky rice in the center.
Step 3
Dress in formal attire (traditional Ao Dai or neat, modest clothing)
Gather grandparents, parents, and children before the altar in composed, respectful attire.
Step 4
Light the altar lamps, pour pure water and green tea, and light 3 or 5 incense sticks
The head of household lights the two lamps, fills the water and tea cups, lights 3 or 5 incense sticks, and raises them level with the brow in three bows.
Step 5
Recite the Hung Kings Commemoration Prayer (Variant 1 at Temples, Variant 2 at Home, or Variant 3)
With palms joined, read Variant 1 (at a temple), Variant 2 (before the home altar), or Variant 3 (concise diaspora scroll) in a clear, reverent voice.
Step 6
Bow together as a family and recount the founding legends to the younger generation
After the chief officiant completes three bows, all family members bow in turn and share the stories of Lac Long Quan and Au Co, Prince Lang Lieu, and the founding of Van Lang.
Step 7
Offer thanksgiving bows once incense finishes and share the blessed Banh Chung & Banh Giay
When the incense has burned down, pour a final round of warm tea, bow three times in thanksgiving, and slice the Banh Chung and Banh Giay for a joyful family reunion meal.

IVHistorical Foundations: From the 1470 Hong Duc Royal Genealogy and 1917 Stele to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Among the nations of the world, Vietnam stands out for observing a single, nationwide National Ancestral Death Anniversary (Quoc Gio) in which every citizen honors a shared primordial lineage. Celebrated annually on the Tenth Day of the Third Lunar Month, the Hung Kings Commemoration Day (Gio To Hung Vuong) unites over one hundred million Vietnamese at home and abroad as Children of the Dragon and Grandchildren of the Immortal (Con Rong Chau Tien).

According to the historical record

According to the imperial chronicle Complete Annals of Dai Viet (Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu) by Ngo Si Lien and the Royal Genealogy of the Hung Kings (Ngoc Pha Hung Vuong) compiled by Hanlin Academy Scholar Nguyen Co in the first year of the Hong Duc reign (1470) under Emperor Le Thanh Tong, state worship of the Hung Kings on Mount Nghia Linh (in ancient Phong Chau, capital of the Van Lang realm) was maintained continuously across the Dinh, Early Le, Ly, Tran, and Later Le dynasties. Imperial decrees granted sacred tax-exempt lands to the villagers of Co Tich and Hy Cuong at the foot of Mount Nghia Linh so they could tend the ancestral shrines year-round.

Historically, local communities around Mount Nghia Linh held spring and autumn sacrifices on various auspicious days. To unify the national liturgical calendar, in the second year of the Khai Dinh reign (1917), Phu Tho Provincial Governor Le Trung Ngoc petitioned the Ministry of Rites of the Nguyen Court to proclaim the Tenth Day of the Third Lunar Month as the official National Commemoration Day (Quoc Te), one day prior to the local village festival on the eleventh. The stone stele Hung Vuong Tu Khao erected in 1917 at the Upper Temple still stands as documentary proof of this decree.

According to the tradition

Following the August Revolution of 1945, President Ho Chi Minh signed Decree No. 22/SL-CTN on February 18, 1946, declaring the Tenth of the Third Lunar Month a national public holiday. On September 19, 1954, at the Jade Well Temple at the foot of Mount Nghia Linh, President Ho Chi Minh spoke the immortal words to soldiers of the Vanguard Division before their return to liberate Hanoi: The Hung Kings had the merit of founding the nation; you and I must together safeguard the nation. On December 6, 2012, UNESCO officially inscribed the Worship of Hung Kings in Phu Tho on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

VSacred Geography and Architecture of the Hung Kings Temple Complex on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho)

Rising 175 meters above the midland hills of Hy Cuong Commune (Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province), Mount Nghia Linh commands a classical Feng Shui formation of Attending Dragons and Crouching Tigers, Three Rivers Converging: in front lies the Bach Hac confluence where the Red River, Lo River, and Da River unite into a vast Bright Hall of Water; behind rise the Tam Dao range and Mount Tan Vien; around it ninety-nine rolling hills bow like a herd of elephants toward the ancestral peak.

Guide to the principal sanctuaries and monuments within the Hung Kings Special National Historic Site (Phu Tho).
Sanctuary on Mount Nghia Linh	Location Along the Sacred Axis	Historical Legend & Veneration Focus
1. Lower Temple (Den Ha) & Thien Quang Pagoda	Lower slope above the Ceremonial Gate.	Traditional site where National Mother Au Co gave birth to the sac of 100 eggs that hatched into 100 sons (50 followed Father Lac Long Quan to the sea; 50 remained with Mother Au Co in the mountains and crowned the eldest as the First Hung King).
2. Middle Temple (Den Trung / Hung Vuong To Mieu)	Midway up Mount Nghia Linh.	Where the Hung Kings and their Lac Hau and Lac Tuong counselors deliberated state affairs, and where the Sixth Hung King selected Prince Lang Lieu as heir after tasting his Banh Chung and Banh Giay offerings.
3. Upper Temple (Den Thuong / Kinh Thien Linh Dien)	Highest summit of Mount Nghia Linh.	The supreme spiritual heart of the complex: where the Hung Kings worshiped Heaven, Earth, and the God of Rice. Today it enshrines the National Ancestors and hosts the State Incense-Offering Ceremony on the morning of the 10th of the 3rd Month.
4. Hung King Mausoleum (Lang Hung Vuong)	Just east of the Upper Temple, facing Southeast.	Traditional resting place of the Sixth Hung King, who rallied the nation alongside Saint Giong (Phu Dong Thien Vuong) to defeat northern invaders.
5. Jade Well Temple (Den Gieng / Ngoc Tinh)	Southeastern foot of the mountain on the descent route.	Enshrines Princesses Tien Dung and Ngoc Hoa (daughters of the Eighteenth Hung King), who mirrored themselves in the crystal spring and taught the people wet-rice farming.
6. Mother Au Co Temple & Father Lac Long Quan Temple	On Mount Van and Sim Hill within the complex.	Two grand architectural sanctuaries honoring National Father Lac Long Quan (commemorated on the 6th of the 3rd Month) and National Mother Au Co (honored on the 7th of the 3rd Month).

VIThe Cosmology of Square Banh Chung, Round Banh Giay and the Concept of Compatriots (Dong Bao)

At the heart of every Hung Kings Commemoration offering stands the pairing of Square Green Banh Chung and Round White Banh Giay. Recorded in the classical collection Wondrous Tales of Linh Nam (Linh Nam Chich Quai), while other royal princes scoured forests and seas for exotic delicacies, the eighteenth prince, Lang Lieu, realized a timeless truth: Between Heaven and Earth, nothing is more precious than a grain of rice, which sustains human life without ever growing tiresome.

According to the tradition

Round Heaven and Square Earth (Thien Vien Dia Phuong):

The Banh Giay, steamed from fragrant glutinous rice and pounded into a smooth, dome-shaped white disc, represents Father Heaven (Yang, cosmic shelter). The Banh Chung, wrapped in forest phrynium leaves into a four-cornered square enclosing white sticky rice, golden mung beans (fields and crops), and pork (living creatures), represents Mother Earth (Yin, nurturing abundance). Placing Banh Chung and Banh Giay side by side on the altar expresses the harmony of Yin and Yang, Heaven and Earth, and gratitude toward agricultural labor.

Equally profound is the Vietnamese word for fellow citizens, Dong Bao, literally meaning Born of the Same Womb / Same Sac, derived from Mother Au Co's sac of one hundred eggs. This origin narrative elevates national solidarity into biological kinship, reminding every Vietnamese that all ethnic communities across mountains, plains, and seas are brothers and sisters of a single family.

VIIHow to Observe the Hung Kings Commemoration at Your Household Altar and in the Global Diaspora

Because only a fraction of citizens can travel in person to Phu Tho on the Tenth of the Third Lunar Month, Vietnamese liturgical tradition encourages every household to perform a reverent commemoration from afar (Vong Bai) right at the family ancestral altar using Variant 2 or Variant 3 on this page.

1. Worship directly at the main Household Ancestral Altar

No separate outdoor table is required. In Vietnamese thought, every family clan (Cuu Huyen That To) branches from the primordial trunk of the Hung Kings. Simply arrange a pair of Banh Chung, Banh Giay, fresh flowers, and five fruits on your main ancestral altar.

2. Synchronize your morning incense with the National Ceremony (06:30 to 10:30)

The state incense-offering ceremony at the Upper Temple on Mount Nghia Linh takes place on the morning of the Tenth of the Third Lunar Month. Lighting incense at home during the morning Mao or Ti hours joins your household in spiritual resonance with the entire nation.

3. Share the ancestral rice cakes in a family reunion meal

As a statutory national holiday, the Tenth of the Third Month is an occasion for three generations to gather at noon, share slices of Banh Chung and Banh Giay, and pass down historical stories to children.

4. Global Vietnamese Ancestral Day for Overseas Communities

Across North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia, Vietnamese families and cultural associations observe Global Vietnamese Ancestral Day on the Tenth of the Third Month, reading Variant 3 in Vietnamese and English so younger generations remain proud of their roots.

VIIIFive Essential Guidelines for a Dignified Pilgrimage to Hung Kings Temples

A common misunderstanding

Five rules of conduct when visiting Mount Nghia Linh and Hung Kings Memorial Temples:

First, walk in calm order along the steep stone steps of Mount Nghia Linh. The climb from the Lower Temple to the Upper Temple spans over five hundred ancient stone steps beneath primeval forest canopy. Never push or crowd; always yield the inner handrail to elders and young children.

Second, light only 1 or 3 incense sticks at the designated outdoor courtyard censers. To protect historic wooden sanctuary halls and the protected national forest from fire hazards, never carry burning incense bundles indoors or burn votive paper on the mountain.

Third, never toss coins or banknotes into the Jade Well (Gieng Ngoc) or wedge money into statues and ancient trees. The Jade Well at Den Gieng is a sacred spring; dropping coins pollutes the crystal water. Place all donations respectfully inside the official Merit Box.

Fourth, preserve the ecological purity of the palm forests and midland hills. Do not break branches for luck or leave plastic litter along the mountain paths.

Fifth, offer prayers grounded in civic gratitude, family harmony, and honest endeavor rather than superstitious bargaining.

?Quick Questions

When does the Hung Kings National Commemoration Day (10th of the 3rd Lunar Month) fall in the 2027 solar calendar?

In the Dinh Mui Year 2027, the Tenth Day of the Third Lunar Month (Gio To Hung Vuong) falls on Friday, April 16, 2027 (At Suu Day, Quy Mao Month). The best Auspicious Hours to offer incense are Mao (05:00 to 07:00), Ti (09:00 to 11:00), and Than (15:00 to 17:00). Earlier in the same week, the Commemoration of National Father Lac Long Quan (6th of the 3rd Month) falls on Monday, April 12, 2027, and the Homage to National Mother Au Co (7th of the 3rd Month) falls on Tuesday, April 13, 2027.

Can a family perform the Hung Kings Commemoration ceremony on our home ancestral altar?

Yes, wholeheartedly encouraged. Preparing a pair of square Banh Chung cakes, round Banh Giay cakes, fresh fruit, and flowers on your household ancestral altar on the morning of the Tenth of the Third Month and reciting Variant 2 (Household Veneration Scroll) is a cherished Vietnamese tradition that connects family filial piety with gratitude toward the nation's founders.

What are the essential traditional offerings for the Hung Kings Commemoration Day?

The signature offerings are: (1) Square green Banh Chung cakes (symbolizing Earth) and Round white Banh Giay cakes (symbolizing Heaven); (2) Crimson gac sticky rice; (3) A five-fruit platter (Mam Ngu Qua); and (4) Fragrant herbal incense, a pair of candles, fresh lotus or chrysanthemum flowers, betel-areca, green tea, and 5 cups of pure water. Families worshiping at home may also offer a noon vegetarian or savory meal.

In what order should pilgrims visit the shrines on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho)?

Follow the classical ascending path: first pay homage at the National Father Lac Long Quan Temple (Sim Hill) and National Mother Au Co Temple (Mount Van); then pass through the Main Ceremonial Gate to the Lower Temple (Den Ha) and Thien Quang Pagoda, climb to the Middle Temple (Den Trung), ascend to the summit Upper Temple (Den Thuong / Kinh Thien Linh Dien), bow before the Hung King Mausoleum, and descend via the southeastern steps to the Jade Well Temple (Den Gieng).

Where can residents and visitors in Ho Chi Minh City and Southern Vietnam attend Hung Kings ceremonies?

In Ho Chi Minh City, major public ceremonies take place at the grand Hung Kings Memorial Temple in the National Historical and Cultural Park (Long Binh Ward, Thu Duc City), the Hung Kings Temple inside the Saigon Botanical Gardens (District 1), and the shrine in Tao Dan Park. In the Mekong Delta, pilgrims visit the Can Tho City Hung Kings Temple (Binh Thuy District) and the National Ancestors Temple in Tan Hiep (Kien Giang).

Did the Eighteen Dynasties of Hung Kings (Thap Bat The Hung Vuong) consist of only 18 individual monarchs?

Historians and archaeologists explain that Eighteen Lineages of Hung Kings (Thap Bat The Hung Vuong) refers not to 18 single rulers, but to 18 royal branches or dynastic epochs (such as Hung Duong Vuong, Hung Hien Vuong, Hung Chieu Vuong, Hung Due Vuong) that successively governed the state of Van Lang across nearly two millennia from the early Bronze Age Phung Nguyen culture to the height of the Dong Son civilization.

Compiled, textually collated and diagrammed by Master Ưng Khiêm and UK MASTER ACADEMY. Last updated: 31 October 2026. Sources: Collated from Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu (Ngo Si Lien), Ngoc Pha Hung Vuong (1470 Hong Duc Royal Genealogy), Linh Nam Chich Quai, UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity dossier (2012), and archival records of the Hung Kings Special National Historic Site (Phu Tho).

Hung Kings National Ancestors Commemoration Prayer (Tenth of the Third Lunar Month): Mount Nghia Linh Pilgrimage and Household Veneration Scrolls

IPersonalize Your Scroll, Select Ritual Date and Read Prayer

1. Select Solar Date (Auto-converts to Lunar Date, Sexagenary Cycle & Auspicious Hours)

2. Officiant and Household Details (Live Scroll Personalization)

3. Choose Prayer Variant, Enter Altar Mode or Print A4 Scroll

Hung Kings National Ancestors Commemoration Prayer (Tenth of the Third Lunar Month): Mount Nghia Linh Pilgrimage and Household Veneration Scrolls

IICeremonial Offerings and Preparation Checklist

Group 1: Signature Symbolic Offerings of the Hung Kings Era (Banh Chung, Banh Giay & Crimson Sticky Rice)

Group 2: Fragrant Incense, Lamps, Fresh Blossoms & Classical Betel-Areca

Group 3: Mid-Hill Green Tea, Pure Spring Water & Family Reunion Meal

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

IVHistorical Foundations: From the 1470 Hong Duc Royal Genealogy and 1917 Stele to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

VSacred Geography and Architecture of the Hung Kings Temple Complex on Mount Nghia Linh (Phu Tho)

VIThe Cosmology of Square Banh Chung, Round Banh Giay and the Concept of Compatriots (Dong Bao)

VIIHow to Observe the Hung Kings Commemoration at Your Household Altar and in the Global Diaspora

VIIIFive Essential Guidelines for a Dignified Pilgrimage to Hung Kings Temples

?Quick Questions

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