Vesak Buddha's Birthday & Avalokiteshvara Feast Days Prayer: Bathing Verse & A4

Q: Should we celebrate Buddha's Birthday at home on the 8th day or the 15th day (Full Moon) of the Fourth Lunar Month?

Both dates are completely canonical. The 8th day of the Fourth Lunar Month is the classical East Asian Mahayana date of the Buddha's Nativity, while the 15th day (Full Moon of the Fourth Month) is the global United Nations Day of Vesak observed by the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha. Households may offer flowers, incense and recite Variant 1 on both days, or hold their main family service on the Full Moon (15th).

Q: If our home altar has a seated Shakyamuni or Amitabha statue rather than an infant Buddha statue, how do we recite the Bathing Verse?

Practice Contemplative Bathing (Quan Tuong Moc Duc). You should never take down a permanent wooden, bronze or porcelain altar statue to pour water over it. Instead, place a clean bowl of lotus-scented water before the incense censer, recite the Bathing Verse in Variant 1, and inwardly visualize bathing the newborn Tathagata at Lumbini while purifying your own thoughts, words and deeds.

Q: When performing the Bathing the Buddha rite at a temple or home basin, where should the water be poured?

Use the small wooden ladle to pour three gentle spoonfuls over the statue's right shoulder, left shoulder and upper back below the chest . Never pour water directly onto the crown of the Buddha's head or splash the face. Those three ladles represent the vow to abandon all evil, cultivate all virtue, and benefit all sentient beings.

Q: If our family only has an Ancestral Altar and has not yet set up a home Buddha Altar, how can we pray on Vesak or Guanyin Feast Days?

The ideal practice is to visit a local Buddhist monastery to offer fresh lotus flowers and join the communal service . If praying at home, set up a clean temporary table draped with a fresh cloth in a bright living room or balcony facing the sky, place a vase of lotus blossoms and a cup of pure water, and recite Variant 1 or Variant 2 with palms joined.

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Recited during the sacred Vesak season celebrating the birth of Prince Siddhartha Gautama under the Ashoka tree at Lumbini Garden: includes the Incense Offering Verse, Vesak Praise, the canonical Bathing the Buddha Verse (Moc Duc), and prayers for world peace and awakened wisdom.

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Vesak Buddha's Birthday and Avalokiteshvara Feast Days Prayer: Bathing the Buddha Verse, Twelve Great Vows and A4 Scroll

1. Vesak Buddha's Birthday Prayer (8th to 15th of Fourth Lunar Month) and Bathing the Buddha Verse

Namo Fundamental Teacher Shakyamuni Buddha, Manifesting Birth beneath the Ashoka Tree at Lumbini Garden! (Three recitations, accompanied by three full prostrations)

Incense Offering Verse: May our heartfelt reverence rise with this cloud of fragrant incense, pervading all Ten Directions as an offering to the Sovereign Three Jewels. We vow throughout our lives to uphold the Way, acting virtuously in harmony with our true nature, together with all beings across the Dharma Realm, praying for the compassionate blessing of the Buddhas: May our Bodhi-mind remain unshakable, leaving behind the ocean of suffering and delusion, swiftly returning to the shore of Awakening. Namo Incense-Offering Bodhisattva Mahasattva! (Three recitations)

Your humble disciple bows in single-minded reverence before all Buddhas throughout the Ten Directions and Three Times of Past, Present and Future, the Sovereign Dharma, and the Noble Sangha of the Eternal Three Jewels.

Humbly bowing before Compassionate Father and Fundamental Teacher Shakyamuni Buddha of this Saha World, who manifested birth during the blooming lotus season for the welfare and liberation of devas and humankind.

Humbly bowing before Amitabha Buddha of the Western Pure Land, Future-Born Maitreya Honored Buddha, Great Wisdom Manjushri Bodhisattva, Great Conduct Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, Great Compassion Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, and all Dharma-Protecting Devas.

Today is ……………………, amidst the fragrant Fourth Lunar Month of the ………… Year, as Buddhist disciples across the world joyfully celebrate the Great Vesak Festival.

………… ………………………………, residing at: ………….

Looking back in reverence more than two thousand six hundred years to Lumbini Garden, beneath the radiant Ashoka tree Prince Siddhartha entered the world, taking seven steps upon seven golden lotuses, pointing one hand toward heaven and one hand toward earth to proclaim the lion's roar of universal Buddha-nature, while nine dragons in the sky poured two streams of warm and cool pure water to bathe his golden body.

Standing today before our solemn altar, ………… offer fragrant herbal incense, fresh lotus blossoms, scented pure water and vegetarian fruits in celebration of the Buddha's Nativity. Performing (or inwardly contemplating) the Bathing Rite, ………… wholeheartedly recite the Verse of Bathing the Buddha: Today we bathe all Tathagatas, adorning pure wisdom and gathering boundless merit; may sentient beings of the fivefold turbidity be cleansed of defilement, and together realize the Tathagata's pure Dharmakaya.

May the cooling waters of this Vesak season wash away greed, anger and delusion within the hearts of …………; may Fundamental Teacher Shakyamuni Buddha bless the world with peace, our nation with prosperity, our household ………… with health, clear wisdom and filial harmony, and our departed Ancestors of ………… with rebirth in realms of light.

Namo Fundamental Teacher Shakyamuni Buddha! (Three recitations, accompanied by three prostrations)

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

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During Vesak Week or on the Three Avalokiteshvara Feast Days, the household Buddhist altar is adorned with lotus lamps and fresh lotus vases. If the family sets up a small Nine-Dragon Infant Buddha basin for the Bathing Rite, it is placed at the center front before the incense bowl.

Sacred Statues of Shakyamuni Buddha & Avalokiteshvara BodhisattvaEnthroned on the highest central tier of the home altar; during Vesak, a small infant Buddha figure may stand in front.

Pair of Seven-Lotus or Vaidurya Wisdom LampsIlluminated on the left and right flanks, commemorating the seven lotus blossoms supporting the newborn Buddha.

Central Three Jewels Incense Bowl (3 Herbal Incense Sticks)Positioned at the center of the altar table to receive three sticks of fragrant incense.

Fresh Pink or White Lotus Vase (East Vase, Practitioner Right)Placed on the right side as the practitioner faces the altar.

Five-Fruit Platter & Lotus-Seed Sweet Soup (West Fruit, Practitioner Left)Placed on the left side as the practitioner faces the altar.

Fragrant Bathing Basin (Vesak) or Sweet-Dew Water Carafe (Avalokiteshvara Feast)Set in front of the incense bowl: a floral water basin with a small ladle for Vesak, or a pure water carafe for Avalokiteshvara Days.

Mindfulness Bell, Wooden Fish & Universal Gate SutraArranged neatly on the outer right and left corners of the altar for chanting.

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Open-license documentary photographs via Wikimedia Commons (click any photo for source file)

Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio. Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit. — **Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio.** Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites. Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers. — **Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites.** Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

Observing Vesak and the Feast Days of Avalokiteshvara unites fragrant offerings and liturgical prayer with the symbolic Bathing of the Buddha (Moc Duc) or recitation of the Universal Gate Chapter.

Step 1
Observe vegetarianism, adorn the altar with fresh lotus blossoms and prepare fragrant water
On the 8th or 15th of the Fourth Lunar Month (or 19/2, 19/6, 19/9 Lunar), the household observes a pure vegetarian diet, wipes the altar with a clean towel, arranges fresh lotus stems, and prepares warm floral water (for Vesak) or a carafe of pure spring water (for Avalokiteshvara).
Step 2
Put on modest attire, illuminate the lotus lamps and offer 3 incense sticks
Wear dignified long attire or a grey lay Buddhist robe, switch on the altar lamps, light 3 herbal incense sticks, raise them level with your brow to recite the Incense Offering Verse, and plant them upright.
Step 3
Recite the Vesak Prayer (Variant 1) or Avalokiteshvara Feast Day Prayer (Variant 2)
Sound three strokes of the mindfulness bell, join palms in a lotus bud, and recite Variant 1 (for Buddha's Birthday) or Variant 2 (for Avalokiteshvara's Feast Days).
Step 4
Perform the Bathing the Buddha Rite (Vesak) or Chant the Universal Gate Chapter (Guanyin Feast)
For Vesak: while chanting the Bathing the Buddha Verse, gently ladle three spoonfuls of fragrant water over the right shoulder, left shoulder and upper back of the infant Buddha statue (never pouring water over the top of the head). For Avalokiteshvara Feast Days: chant the Universal Gate Chapter, recite the Great Compassion Mantra 3 or 7 times, and chant Namo Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva.
Step 5
Bow to the Twelve Great Vows and recite the Vow of Compassionate Practice (Variant 3)
Kneel or stand before the altar to recite Variant 3, vowing to practice deep listening, patience and loving speech within the household.
Step 6
Perform three prostrations, dedicate merit and share the blessed Sweet-Dew Water
Conclude with three full prostrations, lower the pure water and vegetarian fruit after the incense finishes, and share them among family members with joyful hearts.

IVHistory of the Great Vesak Festival and the Contemplative Meaning of Bathing the Buddha (Moc Duc)

More than two and a half millennia ago, the birth of Prince Siddhartha Gautama beneath the blooming Ashoka trees of Lumbini Garden ushered in a universal path of Awakening and Compassion. Across Vietnam and throughout the Buddhist world, Vesak (Dai Le Phat Dan), celebrated from the 8th to the 15th day of the Fourth Lunar Month, stands as the most radiant spiritual festival of the year.

According to the historical record

Historically, East Asian and Vietnamese Mahayana dynasties from the Ly, Tran and Le eras celebrated the Bathing of the Buddha on the 8th day of the Fourth Lunar Month. In 1950, the inaugural conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB) in Sri Lanka harmonized global practice by designating the Full Moon Day of the Fourth Lunar Month (15th of the 4th Month, Vesak Purnima) as the shared celebration across both Theravada and Mahayana traditions. On December 15, 1999, the United Nations General Assembly (Resolution 54/115) officially recognized the Day of Vesak, commemorating the thrice-sacred occasion of the Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment and Parinirvana. Today, Vietnamese monasteries and households observe an entire Vesak Week stretching from the 8th through the 15th of the Fourth Lunar Month.

According to the tradition

The centerpiece of Vesak liturgy is the Bathing the Buddha Rite (Le Tam Phat / Moc Duc). According to the Lalitavistara Sutra and the Sutra on the Merit of Bathing the Buddha, when the newborn Bodhisattva took seven steps upon lotus blossoms, nine dragons in the heavens poured two gentle streams of warm and cool fragrant water to bathe his body. When a practitioner ladles flower-infused water over the shoulders of the infant Buddha while chanting the classical Vietnamese verse (Con nay rưới tắm các Như Lai, Tịnh trí trang nghiêm công đức tụ, Ngũ trược chúng sinh linh ly cấu, Đồng chứng Như Lai tịnh pháp thân), the ritual is not meant to wash physical dust from bronze or jade. Rather, it is an inner contemplation of using the waters of the Dharma to cleanse one's own heart of the five defilements of greed, anger, ignorance, pride and doubt, uncovering the innate Buddha-nature within.

VDoctrinal Meaning of the Three Annual Feast Days of Avalokiteshvara (19/2, 19/6, 19/9 Lunar)

Alongside Fundamental Teacher Shakyamuni Buddha, no sacred figure is closer to the everyday heart of Vietnamese families than Great Compassion Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva (Quan The Am Bo Tat, lovingly revered as Mother Guanyin). Every lunar year, Vietnamese Buddhists observe three major Avalokiteshvara Feast Days spaced evenly on the 19th day of the Second, Sixth and Ninth Lunar Months.

19th Day of the Second Lunar Month: Feast of Avalokiteshvara's Manifest Birth (Spring)

Commemorates the Bodhisattva's compassionate entry into the world. Falling in mid-spring, families offer fresh lotus blossoms and pure water to pray for household peace, parental longevity and a year guided by kindness.

19th Day of the Sixth Lunar Month: Feast of Avalokiteshvara's Supreme Awakening (Summer)

Commemorates the Bodhisattva's realization of Perfect Penetration through the Ear-Faculty (Nhi Can Vien Thong) and boundless compassionate responsiveness. Marking the midpoint of the lunar year, practitioners observe vegetarianism, chant the Universal Gate Chapter and release captive life.

19th Day of the Ninth Lunar Month: Feast of Avalokiteshvara's Renunciation (Autumn)

Commemorates the Bodhisattva's renunciation of royal privilege to walk the path of universal liberation. Observed in serene autumn, this feast day reminds householders to let go of resentment, attachment and anxiety.

Symbolism of the Supple Willow Branch and Sweet-Dew Vase

In Vietnamese iconography, Avalokiteshvara holds a pure porcelain vase filled with cooling Sweet Dew (Compassion that quenches anger) and a flexible willow branch (Patience and skillful adaptability that bends before strong winds without breaking).

VIComplete Study of the Twelve Great Vows of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva

In Vietnamese monastic and household services on the 19th of the 2nd, 6th and 9th Lunar Months, bowing to the Twelve Great Vows of Avalokiteshvara forms the emotional and spiritual core of the liturgy. Each vow represents a specific facet of compassionate action in the world.

The Twelve Great Vows of Great Compassion Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva and their household practice.
Vow Number	Classical Title & Liturgical Content	Spiritual Meaning & Household Application
First Vow	Vow of Vast Bodhi Resolve: Realizing Perfect Penetration and never turning away from any suffering in the three realms.	Awakening altruistic care and refusing indifference toward the pain of family and neighbors.
Second Vow	Vow to Abide in the Southern Seas: Dwelling at Mount Potalaka to pilot the boat of compassion across stormy seas.	Praying for safe journeys for travelers, seafarers and family members working far from home.
Third Vow	Vow to Hear Every Cry of Suffering: Listening across the human realm and lower realms to respond immediately.	Practicing deep, non-judgmental listening between parents and children, husbands and wives.
Fourth Vow	Vow to Dispel Peril and Danger: Dissolving sudden calamities, harmful influences and inner terror.	Praying for household safety, mental steadiness and freedom from fear.
Fifth Vow	Vow to Sprinkle Cooling Sweet Dew: Holding the willow branch to quench the flames of anger and affliction.	Replacing harsh arguments at home with soothing, gentle and reconciliatory speech.
Sixth Vow	Vow of Equal Compassion: Regarding all living beings with impartial love as an only child.	Cultivating forgiveness and overcoming favoritism or resentment within the extended family.
Seventh Vow	Vow to Traverse the Three Woeful Realms: Entering dark realms of suffering to open gates of relief.	Dedicating merit to departed spirits and extending charity to those in hardship.
Eighth Vow	Vow to Unbind Chains and Fetters: Dissolving karmic knots, legal disputes and entrenched grievances.	Praying for the resolution of conflicts and letting go of rigid prejudices.
Ninth Vow	Vow to Build the Dharma Vessel: Constructing the ship of wisdom to ferry beings across the six realms.	Relying on ethical Cause and Effect as a steady anchor during family trials.
Tenth Vow	Vow to Guide Beings to the Western Pure Land: Leading mindful practitioners with banners and lotus canopies.	Praying for the peaceful rebirth of departed ancestors and serenity in old age.
Eleventh Vow	Vow to Attend Amitabha's Realm of Infinite Life: Assisting Amitabha Buddha in ceaseless teaching.	Praying for the health, clarity and longevity of grandparents and parents.
Twelfth Vow	Vow of Unhindered Sacred Presence: Adorning the body with Twelve Great Vows without ever retreating.	Maintaining lifelong perseverance in virtue and kindness regardless of obstacles.

VIIStep-by-Step Etiquette for Bathing the Buddha (Moc Duc) and Consecrating Sweet-Dew Water

According to the tradition

Whether participating in the Bathing the Buddha ceremony at a monastery or performing it at home during Vesak, practitioners observe four canonical rules of Moc Duc etiquette: (1) Before lifting the wooden ladle, join your palms in a bow and silently recite the Bathing Verse; (2) Gently pour three ladles of fragrant water over the statue's right shoulder, left shoulder and upper back below the chest (symbolizing the purification of Body, Speech and Mind, as well as the Threefold Pure Precepts: abandoning all evil, cultivating all good, and saving all beings); (3) Never pour water directly over the crown of the Buddha's head or splash the face; and (4) Contemplate that the fragrant water is washing away impatience, greed and resentment within your own heart.

According to the historical record

On the Three Feast Days of Avalokiteshvara (19/2, 19/6, 19/9 Lunar), Vietnamese Buddhist households practice the Offering of Pure Sweet-Dew Water (Dang Tinh Thuy Cau Cam Lo): before chanting, place a clean glass carafe or three cups of fresh drinking water at the center of the altar. After lighting incense, reciting Variant 2, chanting the Universal Gate Chapter (or 3 to 21 recitations of the Great Compassion Dharani) and invoking Avalokiteshvara's name with a calm, compassionate heart, the family lowers the water after the incense finishes and shares it among elders, the sick and children as a blessing of peace.

VIIIFive Essential Guidelines to Fulfill Merit on Vesak and Avalokiteshvara Feast Days

A common misunderstanding

Five practical guidelines ensure that Vesak and the Avalokiteshvara Feast Days bring authentic spiritual benefit to your household:

First, observe a full day of pure vegetarianism and non-harming. Taking animal life to prepare celebratory feasts on the Birthday of the Compassionate Buddha or the Feast Day of Avalokiteshvara directly contradicts the spirit of the occasion. Share wholesome plant-based meals with your family.

Second, never burn underworld paper money or paper effigies on Avalokiteshvara Feast Days. Folk customs of burning votive paper have no basis in Buddhist canon; Avalokiteshvara responds to sincere mindfulness and ethical deeds, never to burnt paper replicas.

Third, never push or crowd around the Bathing Basin at temples. Yielding your place in line to elderly practitioners and children during a monastery Vesak ceremony is itself a living offering of respect to the Buddha.

Fourth, pair your altar prayer with a concrete act of compassion on the feast day. Translate Variant 3 into living practice by visiting aged parents, comforting someone in illness, donating to charity or releasing captive creatures responsibly.

Fifth, dispose of fragrant bathing water respectfully after a home Vesak rite. Never pour the scented floral water used to bathe the infant Buddha down a drain; gently water clean flower pots or garden trees on a balcony or courtyard.

?Quick Questions

Should we celebrate Buddha's Birthday at home on the 8th day or the 15th day (Full Moon) of the Fourth Lunar Month?

Both dates are completely canonical. The 8th day of the Fourth Lunar Month is the classical East Asian Mahayana date of the Buddha's Nativity, while the 15th day (Full Moon of the Fourth Month) is the global United Nations Day of Vesak observed by the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha. Households may offer flowers, incense and recite Variant 1 on both days, or hold their main family service on the Full Moon (15th).

If our home altar has a seated Shakyamuni or Amitabha statue rather than an infant Buddha statue, how do we recite the Bathing Verse?

Practice Contemplative Bathing (Quan Tuong Moc Duc). You should never take down a permanent wooden, bronze or porcelain altar statue to pour water over it. Instead, place a clean bowl of lotus-scented water before the incense censer, recite the Bathing Verse in Variant 1, and inwardly visualize bathing the newborn Tathagata at Lumbini while purifying your own thoughts, words and deeds.

Why are there three separate Feast Days for Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva on the 19th of the 2nd, 6th and 9th Lunar Months?

The three annual feast days honor three milestones in Avalokiteshvara's compassionate vow: 19th of the Second Month celebrates her Manifest Birth; 19th of the Sixth Month celebrates her Supreme Awakening; and 19th of the Ninth Month celebrates her Renunciation. Variants 2 and 3 are recited on all three occasions.

When performing the Bathing the Buddha rite at a temple or home basin, where should the water be poured?

Use the small wooden ladle to pour three gentle spoonfuls over the statue's right shoulder, left shoulder and upper back below the chest. Never pour water directly onto the crown of the Buddha's head or splash the face. Those three ladles represent the vow to abandon all evil, cultivate all virtue, and benefit all sentient beings.

If our family only has an Ancestral Altar and has not yet set up a home Buddha Altar, how can we pray on Vesak or Guanyin Feast Days?

The ideal practice is to visit a local Buddhist monastery to offer fresh lotus flowers and join the communal service. If praying at home, set up a clean temporary table draped with a fresh cloth in a bright living room or balcony facing the sky, place a vase of lotus blossoms and a cup of pure water, and recite Variant 1 or Variant 2 with palms joined.

Which scriptures or mantras are most appropriate to chant alongside the prayer on Avalokiteshvara Feast Days?

On the 19th of the 2nd, 6th and 9th Lunar Months, Vietnamese Buddhists traditionally chant the Universal Gate Chapter (25th Chapter of the Lotus Sutra), the Great Compassion Mantra (3, 7 or 21 recitations), the Heart Sutra, and 108 recitations of Namo Great Compassion Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva before reading the Peace Dedication.

Compiled, textually collated and diagrammed by Master Ưng Khiêm and UK MASTER ACADEMY. Last updated: 31 October 2026. Sources: Collated from the Lalitavistara Sutra, Sutra on the Merit of Bathing the Buddha, Wonderful Dharma Lotus Sutra Chapter 25 (translated by Most Venerable Thich Tri Tinh), and Vesak & Avalokiteshvara Liturgical Manuals of the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha.

Vesak Buddha's Birthday and Avalokiteshvara Feast Days Prayer: Bathing the Buddha Verse, Twelve Great Vows and A4 Scroll

IPersonalize Your Scroll, Select Ritual Date and Read Prayer

1. Select Solar Date (Auto-converts to Lunar Date, Sexagenary Cycle & Auspicious Hours)

2. Officiant and Household Details (Live Scroll Personalization)

3. Choose Prayer Variant, Enter Altar Mode or Print A4 Scroll

Vesak Buddha's Birthday and Avalokiteshvara Feast Days Prayer: Bathing the Buddha Verse, Twelve Great Vows and A4 Scroll

IICeremonial Offerings and Preparation Checklist

Group 1: Fresh Lotus Blossoms, Fragrant Bathing Water & Sweet-Dew Pure Water

Group 2: Herbal Incense, Lotus Wisdom Lamps & Five-Fruit Platter

Group 3: Lotus Tea, Vegetarian Sweet Rice & Clean White Towel

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

IVHistory of the Great Vesak Festival and the Contemplative Meaning of Bathing the Buddha (Moc Duc)

VDoctrinal Meaning of the Three Annual Feast Days of Avalokiteshvara (19/2, 19/6, 19/9 Lunar)

VIComplete Study of the Twelve Great Vows of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva

VIIStep-by-Step Etiquette for Bathing the Buddha (Moc Duc) and Consecrating Sweet-Dew Water

VIIIFive Essential Guidelines to Fulfill Merit on Vesak and Avalokiteshvara Feast Days

?Quick Questions

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