Tibetan Bön Sangcho Incense & Lungta Windhorse Household Prayers

Q: What is Yungdrung Bön, and how is it connected to Tibetan household rituals?

Yungdrung Bön (Eternal Bön) is the indigenous spiritual tradition of Tibet and the ancient Himalayan kingdom of Zhang Zhung around Mount Kailash, founded by Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche . Many iconic Himalayan practices, including morning juniper smoke purification (Sangcho) , hanging five-colored Windhorse flags (Lungta) , tossing roasted barley flour (Tsampa) with the cry Lha Gyal Lo , and harmonizing with earth-and-water spirits ( Lu, Nyen, Sadag ), originate in ancient Bön.

Q: What does the morning Sangcho (Bsang Mchod) smoke offering accomplish, and what offerings are used?

In Tibetan, Sang (Bsang) means to purify, clear away obscurations, and awaken positive energy . Each morning, households burn fragrant juniper needles (Shugpa) , white artemisia ( Khenpa ) and roasted barley flour (Tsampa) blended with the Three Whites (milk, butter, yogurt) and Three Sweets (rock sugar, honey, molasses) in an outdoor burner ( Sangkang ) to cleanse domestic stagnation ( Drib ), honor the Enlightened Ones, and nourish local guardian spirits.

Q: What do the five colors of Lungta Windhorse prayer flags represent, and when should they be hung?

The five colors of Lungta (Windhorse) flags follow the classical sequence of the Five Great Elements (Jungwa Nga) : (1) Blue : Space / Sky; (2) White : Cloud & Wind; (3) Red : Fire; (4) Green : Water; and (5) Yellow : Earth. Hang new Lungta flags on a sunny, breezy morning on New Year's Day, a Full Moon, or an auspicious date at a high point (rooftop, balcony or garden pole) to uplift the family's vitality and fortune.

Q: What is the meaning of the closing proclamation Kye Kye So So Lha Gyal Lo?

Kye Kye So So is an ancient Himalayan invocation of joyful courage as offerings are raised toward the sky, and Lha Gyal Lo means: May the Virtuous Gods be victorious! May luminous wisdom, health and goodness triumph over all darkness and obstacles! Tossing a pinch of roasted barley flour (Tsampa) into the air while calling out this phrase seals the ceremony in joy and auspiciousness.

IPersonalize Your Scroll, Select Ritual Date and Read Prayer

Tradition-Specific Sub-page of Bön (1 ritual prayer in this tradition)

Bön Pillar & Prayers ›

Quick-switch Ceremony (81 Rites across 10 Categories):

All 81 Rites ›

1. Select Solar Date (Auto-converts to Lunar Date, Sexagenary Cycle & Auspicious Hours)

Pick the actual solar date on which your household performs the rite

Ceremony Date (Solar Calendar)

Quick presets for Year-End and Lunar New Year 2027

Select an Auspicious Hour to insert into the prayer (optional)

2. Officiant and Household Details (Live Scroll Personalization)

Stored privately in your browser localStorage only; never sent to any server

Liturgical pronoun

Full name of chief officiant (Petitioner)

Solar birth year Enter solar birth year to auto-calculate Sexagenary stem-branch and lunar age

Paternal ancestral surname

Maternal ancestral surname (optional)

Shop, company or office name

Household or ceremony address

Co-attending household members (optional)

3. Choose Prayer Variant, Enter Altar Mode or Print A4 Scroll

Recited when burning fragrant Himalayan juniper needles (Shugpa), mugwort, medicinal herbs and roasted barley flour (Tsampa) sprinkled with pure water (Chab) at an outdoor burner or balcony in the morning to cleanse energetic obscurations (Drib), honor the Four Classes of Guests, and bless the home.

HALL OF MYRIAD PATHS · TRADITIONAL RITUAL SCROLL

Tibetan Bön Sangcho Fragrant Smoke and Lungta Windhorse Household Prayers: Liturgy for Purifying Drib, Raising Vital Energy and Harmonizing Earth Spirits

1. Morning Sangcho (Bsang Mchod) Fragrant Juniper Smoke Offering for Household Purification and Peace

Refuge and Compassionate Motivation (Stand composed before the Yungdrung Bön shrine and Sangkang incense burner, join palms in the Lotus Bud gesture at the heart, and recite three times): In the Lama, the Enlightened Ones, the Eternal Yungdrung Bön Teaching, and the Noble Assembly of Yungdrung Sempa, we take heartfelt refuge! For the welfare and liberation of all sentient beings across the six realms, we perform this pure fragrant smoke offering today.

Recitation of the Three Heart Mantras of Yungdrung Bön (Recite each mantra three times to consecrate the offerings and purify the environment): Mantra of Clear Luminosity (Sale Od): A OM HUNG, A A KAR SA LE OD A YANG OM DU! Mantra of Great Compassion (Ma Tri): OM MA TRI MU YE SA LE DU! Mantra of Karmic Purification (Du Tri Su): A KAR A ME DU TRI SU NAG PO ZHI ZHI MAL MAL SOHA!

Today is ……………………, in the ………… Year.

………… ………………………………, of the ………… family lineage, residing at: ………….

KYE! Oh Sublime Enlightened Assembly dwelling in the pure realm of Olmo Lungring and throughout the ten directions of space! We bow in homage before Primordial Dharmakaya Buddha Kuntu Zangpo, the Loving Mother of Wisdom Satrig Ersang (Sherab Chamma), the Compassionate Sovereign Shenlha Okar, and the Supreme Founder Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.

We respectfully invite the Guardians of the Yungdrung Bön Teachings (Bonkyong): Queen Sidpa Gyalmo, Midud Jampa and Draklha Gonpo, together with the Five Innate Personal Guardian Deities (Go-wai Lha Nga: Pho Lha, Mo Lha, Zhang Lha, Drala and Srog Lha) watching over our household.

From the newly kindled flame of wisdom and compassion, ………… offer evergreen juniper boughs of the snow mountains (Shugpa), fragrant rhododendron leaves (Balu), white artemisia (Khenpa), pure roasted barley flour (Tsampa), the Three Whites (milk, butter, yogurt) and the Three Sweets (rock sugar, honey, molasses), rising as a vast ocean of fragrant Sangcho clouds filling the sky.

Through the purifying power of this sacred Sangcho smoke and consecrated water (Chab), may every energetic obscuration, stain and disharmony (Drib) be completely washed away: obscurations from broken vows, from conflict and anger, from impure food or speech, and from any stagnation accumulated within our residence at ………… or within the bodies and minds of …………. May all become as radiant and spotless as the crystal sky! (Sang ngo! All is purified!).

May Buddha Tonpa Shenrab, Loving Mother Sherab Chamma and the Guardian Deities bless the ………… household with indestructible health and longevity steadfast as the eternal Yungdrung emblem, clear wisdom, harmonious family relations, and the swift dispelling of all illness and obstacles.

Closing Victory Call and Dedication: LHA GYAL LO! (May the Virtuous Gods be victorious! May luminous goodness triumph over darkness!). We dedicate the merit of this offering to the peace and enlightenment of all living beings. (Bow three times in reverence).

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

Drag to rotate 360° · Click numbered pins 1 to 7 or cards below to inspect each offering

Rendering crimson-and-gold 3D ritual altar…

A Tibetan Yungdrung Bön household ritual space comprises two complementary settings: (1) The indoor shrine room enshrining an image or Thangka of Founder Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche, Loving Mother Sherab Chamma, the counter-clockwise eternal Yungdrung swastika emblem, and seven pure water bowls; (2) The outdoor balcony, rooftop or courtyard where the Sangkang juniper smoke burner and five-colored Lungta Windhorse flags greet the morning sun and wind.

Statue or Thangka of Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche & Loving Mother Sherab ChammaPlaced at the highest central seat of the indoor altar alongside the counter-clockwise Yungdrung emblem.

Yungdrung Bön Scriptures (Altar Right) & Flat Shang Bell with Ritual Scepter (Altar Left)Representing enlightened Body, Speech and Mind; the flat-disk Shang bell is the distinctive sacred instrument of Bön.

Row of Seven Pure Water Bowls (Yonchap) & Luminous Butter Lamp (Marme)Seven clean bowls filled each morning from left to right to within a barley-grain of the rim.

Plate of Roasted Barley Flour (Tsampa), Three Whites (Kar Sum) & Three Sweets (Ngar Sum)Pure vegetarian offerings presented on the shrine and added to the morning Sangcho incense fire.

Consecration Water Vessel with a Fresh Juniper Sprig (Chab Purification)Used to sprinkle pure water three times over the dry herbs before igniting the Sangcho offering.

Outdoor Ceramic or Bronze Smoke Burner (Sangkang on Balcony, Terrace or Courtyard)Where dried juniper (Shugpa), artemisia (Khenpa) and Tsampa are burned in the morning to send fragrant clouds skyward.

Five-Colored Lungta Windhorse Flags (Ordered Blue · White · Red · Green · Yellow)Suspended high in the breeze to harmonize the Five Elements and elevate the household's Windhorse vitality.

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Open-license documentary photographs via Wikimedia Commons (click any photo for source file)

Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio. Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit. — **Traditional Vietnamese household altar with bronze trio.** Balanced Vietnamese domestic altar displaying a bronze incense urn and candlesticks at the rear, a blue-and-white ceramic incense bowl centered on a wooden stand, red gladiolus vases and fresh fruit.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites. Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers. — **Pure vegetarian offering tray for Full Moon and New Moon rites.** Modest household vegetarian offering featuring mung-bean sticky rice, leaf-wrapped cakes, plant-based savory dishes, dragon fruit and ripe bananas, a lit oil lamp and fresh flowers.
Photograph: Phuong Huy · License: Public domain · Source: Wikimedia Commons

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

Bön household liturgy unites outer ecological purification through natural juniper smoke (Sangcho) with inner meditation on clear light and universal compassion.

Step 1
Offer seven bowls of fresh morning water and light the altar lamp indoors
Upon waking, wash your hands, pour clean water from left to right into the seven Yonchap bowls on the indoor shrine, and light the central butter or oil lamp.
Step 2
Prepare dried juniper (Shugpa) and roasted barley flour (Tsampa) at the outdoor burner
On a well-ventilated balcony, rooftop or courtyard, prepare hot charcoal or herbal incense in the Sangkang burner alongside Tsampa flour and clean water.
Step 3
Sprinkle purification water (Chab) and chant the Three Heart Mantras of Yungdrung Bön
Dip a juniper sprig in pure water to sprinkle the herbs three times, then recite the Sale Od, Ma Tri and Du Tri Su mantras three or seven times each.
Step 4
Place juniper herbs and Tsampa onto the embers to raise white smoke (Recite Variant 1)
Lay the fragrant herbs and a pinch of Tsampa onto the embers so aromatic white smoke rises, join palms in the Lotus Bud gesture, and recite Variant 1 to cleanse household Drib.
Step 5
Pass new five-colored Lungta Windhorse flags over the fragrant smoke and hang high (Recite Variant 2)
On New Year's Day or an auspicious morning, pass the new Lungta flags briefly above the rising Sangcho smoke to consecrate them, hang them in a high breezy spot, and recite Variant 2.
Step 6
Offer pure white milk and grains to reconcile with Lu and Sadag spirits before digging (Recite Variant 3)
Before breaking ground, renovating a home or planting large trees, set out a cup of pure white milk and whole grains and recite Variant 3 to ask permission from the earth and water spirits.
Step 7
Toss roasted barley flour (Tsampa) skyward and proclaim Kye Kye So So Lha Gyal Lo
To conclude, touch a pinch of Tsampa flour to your right shoulder and toss it into the air three times while joyfully proclaiming: Kye Kye So So Lha Gyal Lo!

IVThe Ancient Yungdrung Bön Tradition of the Himalayas and Founder Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche

Long before Indian Buddhism arrived on the Tibetan plateau in the seventh and eighth centuries CE, the Himalayan highlands and the ancient kingdom of Zhang Zhung surrounding sacred Mount Kailash (Mount Yungdrung Gutseg) were home to a rich indigenous spiritual civilization known as Yungdrung Bön (Eternal, Indestructible Bön). Its primary emblem is the left-turning Yungdrung (counter-clockwise swastika), symbolizing the unchanging, primordial nature of reality.

According to the historical record

According to the canonical scriptures of Bön (the Bön Kangyur and Katen), the tradition was founded by the enlightened teacher Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche, born in the sacred land of Olmo Lungring west of Mount Kailash. Tonpa Shenrab expounded the Nine Ways of Bön (Bön Thegpa Rim Gu): the Four Causal Ways (which include healing medicine, astrological divination, life-force retrieval, and Sangcho smoke purification to harmonize humanity with the natural world), the Four Ways of Fruition (monastic ethics, sutra and tantra), and the summit of Dzogchen (Great Perfection) revealing the luminous clarity of the mind.

According to the tradition

What makes Bön household liturgy uniquely practical is its seamless integration of ultimate contemplative wisdom with ecological and domestic harmony. In the Bön worldview, human beings live within a delicate web of reciprocity with the soil, underground springs, forests and invisible elemental guardians. When that relationship is polluted or neglected, energetic stagnation (Drib) and illness arise; when it is purified through Sangcho smoke and compassionate respect, the household's life-force flourishes naturally.

VThe Sangcho (Bsang Mchod) Smoke Rite: Cleansing Drib Obscurations and Honoring the Four Guests

In the Tibetan language, the word Sang (Bsang) means far more than incense smoke; as a verb it signifies to purify, to clear away dark obscurations, and to awaken innate potential. Historical Bön chronicles record that Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche instituted the burning of fresh juniper boughs and grain flour specifically to replace prehistoric animal sacrifice with a compassionate, 100% vegetarian rite of purification.

Understanding Drib (Energetic Obscuration) and the Four Classes of Guests (Dron Zhi) in the Sangcho Rite.
Concept / Class of Guest	Tibetan / Zhang Zhung Term	Spiritual Meaning & Role in Household Purification
Energetic Obscuration & Stagnation (Drib)	Grib / Mnol	A subtle clouding of vital energy caused by broken commitments, household quarrels, impure food, or disturbing the earth, which dulls mental clarity and weakens personal fortune.
First Guest: The Supreme Enlightened Refuge (Reverence)	Yul Gong-ma / Konchog Sum	Buddha Tonpa Shenrab, Primordial Kuntu Zangpo, Loving Mother Sherab Chamma and the Wisdom Deities; honored with fragrant smoke to receive blessings.
Second Guest: Dharma Protectors & Innate Guardians (Praise)	Bonkyong, Drala & Go-wai Lha Nga	The Guardians of the Bön teachings and the Five Innate Deities born with each person; nourished with aromatic smoke to strengthen the household's protective shield.
Third Guest: Eight Classes of Elemental Spirits (Harmony)	Sadag (Soil Lords), Nyen (Tree/Cliff Spirits) & Lu (Water Nagas)	The unseen custodians of the local land, trees and underground waters; offered pure smoke and white milk to maintain peaceful coexistence.
Fourth Guest: Beings of the Six Realms & Karmic Creditors (Compassion)	Rigs Drug & Lan Chags	Wandering spirits and beings with whom the family holds past karmic debts; satisfied through compassionate smoke offerings so obstacles dissolve.

VIThe Philosophy of Lungta Windhorse Flags: Five Great Elements, Four Dignities and Five Life-Forces

The colorful prayer flags fluttering across Himalayan rooftops, courtyards and mountain passes trace their cosmology directly to the Bön science of the Five Elements. The term Lungta (Rlung Rta, literally Wind-Horse) refers both to the physical flag and to the buoyant vital energy and good fortune of an individual or household.

1. The Five Elemental Colors in Exact Sequence (Jungwa Nga)

Every strand of Lungta flags follows the invariant five-element order from left to right (or top to bottom): Blue (Space / Namkha), White (Cloud & Wind / Lung), Red (Fire / Me), Green (Water / Chu), and Yellow (Earth / Sa). Balancing these five colors harmonizes the domestic environment.

2. The Five Personal Life-Forces in Bön Astrology

Bön astrology evaluates human well-being across five dimensions: Srog (core life-force), Lu (physical health), Wangthang (personal merit and prosperity), Lungta (windhorse luck and smooth synchronicity), and La (protective soul-vitality). Raising Lungta flags uplifts flagging morale and fortune.

3. The Four Guardian Dignities at the Four Corners

Surrounding the central Windhorse carrying the Wish-Fulfilling Jewel are four sacred creatures: the Sky-Soaring Khyung (Garuda) of wisdom, the Turquoise Dragon (Druk) of far-reaching power, the White Snow Lion (Seng) of fearless joy, and the Tiger (Tak) of calm confidence.

4. Auspicious Timing for Hanging and Retiring Flags

Choose a sunny, breezy morning on a Full Moon, New Moon or New Year's Day to hang fresh Lungta flags, avoiding astrologically inauspicious Badan days. When old flags fray, respectfully burn them with juniper herbs rather than discarding them on the ground.

VIIThe Three Great Heart Mantras (Nyingpo Nam Sum) of Yungdrung Bön in Daily Family Practice

According to the tradition

During daily household prayers as well as Sangcho and Lungta ceremonies, Bön practitioners chant the Three Great Heart Mantras (Nyingpo Nam Sum) preserved in the ancient language of Zhang Zhung and Tibetan:

(1) The Mantra of Clear Luminosity (Sale Od): A OM HUNG, A A KAR SA LE OD A YANG OM DU. Opening with the primordial syllable A of Kuntu Zangpo, SA LE OD invokes unobstructed, crystal-clear awareness, calming anxiety and restoring inner peace across the home.

(2) The Mantra of Great Compassion (Ma Tri): OM MA TRI MU YE SA LE DU. Associated with Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche and Loving Mother Sherab Chamma, this mantra transforms the five emotional poisons into wisdom and shields the household from fear and disharmony.

(3) The Mantra of Karmic Purification (Du Tri Su): A KAR A ME DU TRI SU NAG PO ZHI ZHI MAL MAL SOHA. Chanted to purify deep karmic obscurations, support healing from illness, and guide departed loved ones toward luminous liberation.

VIIIEcological Ethics in Bön: Respecting Soil and Water and Reconciling with Lu and Sadag Spirits

A common misunderstanding

Four essential guidelines when performing Sangcho and Lu / Sadag reconciliation rites at home:

First, never burn any animal products (meat, animal fat, bone, leather) or pungent garlic and onions in a Sangcho burner. Sky deities (Lha) and water spirits (Lu) are acutely repelled by the scorched odor of flesh or synthetic chemicals (known as hearth-pollution, Tab Drib). Use only pure botanical juniper, artemisia, sandalwood, roasted grains, milk, butter and honey.

Second, never step over Lungta prayer flags or place Sangcho offerings directly on dirty ground. Always keep flags and herbal offerings on a clean elevated tray prior to the ceremony.

Third, pair the Lu and Sadag prayer (Variant 3) with concrete environmental care. In Bön teaching, the Lu (Nagas) inhabit springs, wells and root systems, while the Sadag govern the soil. Asking their permission before excavation or home renovation must go hand in hand with preventing water pollution, avoiding toxic runoff, and replanting greenery on the property.

Fourth, practice strict fire safety in urban apartments and townhouses. In an apartment setting, you do not need a large outdoor fire: lighting a single stick of authentic Tibetan juniper herbal incense or a small pinch of herbal powder in a covered bronze burner by an open window with sincere compassion fulfills the complete meaning of Sangcho.

?Quick Questions

What is Yungdrung Bön, and how is it connected to Tibetan household rituals?

Yungdrung Bön (Eternal Bön) is the indigenous spiritual tradition of Tibet and the ancient Himalayan kingdom of Zhang Zhung around Mount Kailash, founded by Buddha Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche. Many iconic Himalayan practices, including morning juniper smoke purification (Sangcho), hanging five-colored Windhorse flags (Lungta), tossing roasted barley flour (Tsampa) with the cry Lha Gyal Lo, and harmonizing with earth-and-water spirits (Lu, Nyen, Sadag), originate in ancient Bön.

What does the morning Sangcho (Bsang Mchod) smoke offering accomplish, and what offerings are used?

In Tibetan, Sang (Bsang) means to purify, clear away obscurations, and awaken positive energy. Each morning, households burn fragrant juniper needles (Shugpa), white artemisia (Khenpa) and roasted barley flour (Tsampa) blended with the Three Whites (milk, butter, yogurt) and Three Sweets (rock sugar, honey, molasses) in an outdoor burner (Sangkang) to cleanse domestic stagnation (Drib), honor the Enlightened Ones, and nourish local guardian spirits.

What do the five colors of Lungta Windhorse prayer flags represent, and when should they be hung?

The five colors of Lungta (Windhorse) flags follow the classical sequence of the Five Great Elements (Jungwa Nga): (1) Blue: Space / Sky; (2) White: Cloud & Wind; (3) Red: Fire; (4) Green: Water; and (5) Yellow: Earth. Hang new Lungta flags on a sunny, breezy morning on New Year's Day, a Full Moon, or an auspicious date at a high point (rooftop, balcony or garden pole) to uplift the family's vitality and fortune.

Who are the Lu, Nyen and Sadag spirits in Variant 3, and why do we reconcile with them before digging or renovating?

In Bön cosmology, the natural landscape is tended by elemental custodians: Sadag are the lords of soil and directions; Nyen inhabit trees, rocks and mountain slopes; and Lu (Nagas) govern underground springs, wells and rivers. Excavating foundations, drilling wells or cutting trees can inadvertently disturb their habitats. Offering pure white milk, grains and herbal smoke while reciting Variant 3 asks permission, makes amends, and restores harmony to the property.

How can someone living in an urban apartment practice Sangcho safely without heavy smoke?

In a modern apartment or townhouse, you do not need to burn large juniper branches. Simply offer seven bowls of fresh water on your indoor shrine, light one stick of natural Tibetan juniper incense (or a tiny pinch of herbal incense powder) in a covered bronze censer near an open window or balcony, chant the Three Heart Mantras, and recite Variant 1. Sincere mindfulness and compassion are the heart of the rite.

What is the meaning of the closing proclamation Kye Kye So So Lha Gyal Lo?

Kye Kye So So is an ancient Himalayan invocation of joyful courage as offerings are raised toward the sky, and Lha Gyal Lo means: May the Virtuous Gods be victorious! May luminous wisdom, health and goodness triumph over all darkness and obstacles! Tossing a pinch of roasted barley flour (Tsampa) into the air while calling out this phrase seals the ceremony in joy and auspiciousness.

Compiled, textually collated and diagrammed by Master Ưng Khiêm and UK MASTER ACADEMY. Last updated: 31 October 2026. Sources: Collated from traditional Bsang Mchod (Sangcho) and Rlung Rta (Lungta) liturgical texts preserved at Menri Monastery (India) and Triten Norbutse Monastery (Nepal), the Zermig biography of Tonpa Shenrab, and Zhang Zhung - Tibetan ritual studies.

Tibetan Bön Sangcho Fragrant Smoke and Lungta Windhorse Household Prayers: Liturgy for Purifying Drib, Raising Vital Energy and Harmonizing Earth Spirits

IPersonalize Your Scroll, Select Ritual Date and Read Prayer

1. Select Solar Date (Auto-converts to Lunar Date, Sexagenary Cycle & Auspicious Hours)

2. Officiant and Household Details (Live Scroll Personalization)

3. Choose Prayer Variant, Enter Altar Mode or Print A4 Scroll

Tibetan Bön Sangcho Fragrant Smoke and Lungta Windhorse Household Prayers: Liturgy for Purifying Drib, Raising Vital Energy and Harmonizing Earth Spirits

IICeremonial Offerings and Preparation Checklist

Group 1: Himalayan Aromatic Herbs & Roasted Barley Flour for Sangcho Smoke

Group 2: The Three Whites (Kar Sum), Three Sweets (Ngar Sum) & Pure Water (Chab)

Group 3: Five-Colored Lungta Windhorse Flags, Butter Lamp & Sangkang Burner

IIIInteractive 3D Altar, Layout Diagram and Ritual Protocol

Real-world reference photographs of traditional altars and offering trays

Step-by-step ceremonial sequence before the altar

IVThe Ancient Yungdrung Bön Tradition of the Himalayas and Founder Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche

VThe Sangcho (Bsang Mchod) Smoke Rite: Cleansing Drib Obscurations and Honoring the Four Guests

VIThe Philosophy of Lungta Windhorse Flags: Five Great Elements, Four Dignities and Five Life-Forces

VIIThe Three Great Heart Mantras (Nyingpo Nam Sum) of Yungdrung Bön in Daily Family Practice

VIIIEcological Ethics in Bön: Respecting Soil and Water and Reconciling with Lu and Sadag Spirits

?Quick Questions

›Read Next